Animal training device, leash and method of using the device and leash

ABSTRACT

A leash having a warning device that produces an arc sound and/or vibration generated by an electrical arc between electrodes in a manner such that no electricity can be imparted into a human or animal, and a method of using the leash. Also provided is an animal training device that mounts on a collar or harness worn by the animal, which produces an arc sound and/or vibration generated by an electrical arc between electrodes in a manner such that no electricity can be imparted into a human or animal, and a method of a using the animal training device.

This application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/880,702, filed 12 Oct. 2015. This application also claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial Nos. 62/192,981,filed 15 Jul. 2015; and 62/117,562, filed 18 Feb. 2015, the completedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an animal training device and method oftraining an animal. The invention further relates to a protection devicefrom aggressive animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ultrasonic sound generating devises have been used to train or restraindogs. U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,305 and DE 3618785 disclose such devices.However, a problem with ultrasonic sound devices is that humans cannothear the sound and thus cannot verify that it is working. Furthermore,ultrasonic sound devices are not sufficient at scaring off aggressivedogs and are insufficient to be used as a training device.

Conventional sound generating devices are only capable of generating asimple tone, and not complex sounds.

Tasers have been used to train dogs. However, tasers can cause unwantedharm or death of the dog. Furthermore, tasers are classified as weaponsand, thus, cannot be carried in many locations such as on planes andcannot be carried by mail carriers or other government officials. Inaddition, tasers often do not generate a sufficient volume of sound.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,857,433 (Files) and 6,923,146 (Kobitz), and PublishedU.S. Patent application Ser. Nos. 2005/0035865 (Brennan); 2008/0272920(Brown); 2007/0204804 (Swanson); 2009/0102668 (Thompson) disclose animaltraining, pet locator and containment devices that utilize shock (taser)collars and GPS to set boundaries for an animal and also use remotecontrols for controlling the shock collars. The complete disclosure ofthese patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,688,260 (Morrison), 6,289,849 (Macedo) and publishedU.S. patent application Ser. No. 2008/0173257 (Steiner) disclose aretractable dog leash. Published international PCT application No. WO2015/191167 (Crucs) discloses a retractable dog leash with a pressuresenor to determine the end of the dog leash. The complete disclosure ofthese patents and application are incorporated herein by reference.

There is no effective animal training and constraining device thatcompletely avoids the chance of harm being caused. There is no effectivesolution to large animal, such as a large dog, pulling hard on a leashor trying to go past the end of the leash.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An objective of the invention is to provide a solution to a large animalpulling on a leash.

An objective of the invention is to constrain and/or train an animalthat can be readily adapted to varying terrain when in the field.

In accordance with the method and apparatus of the present invention,the need for boundary fencing and wires is no longer necessary toconfine and constrain an animal to a specific area. The method andapparatus of the present invention has the inherent ability to changethe borders of the restraint area remotely to maximize the area'sutility.

The objectives of the invention can be obtained by an animal leashcomprising:

-   -   a housing;    -   a cord, wherein a first end of the cord being connected to the        housing;    -   a connector constructed to connect the cord to an animal collar        or harness, the connector being connected to a second end of the        cord; and    -   an arc sound and/or vibration generating warning device        comprising;        -   a device body;        -   a plurality of electrodes disposed within the device body,            the electrodes being permanently encased so that no harmful            electricity can be imparted into a human or animal from an            arc generated across the electrodes;        -   a power source;        -   a transformer; and            a switch, the electrodes being connected to the power            source, the transformer, and the switch so that when the            switch is activated an electrical arc is generated across            the electrodes producing an arc sound and/or vibration.

The objectives of the invention can also be obtained by an animaltraining device comprising:

-   -   a device body;    -   a plurality of electrodes disposed within the device body, the        electrodes being permanently encased so that no harmful        electricity can be imparted into a human or animal from an arc        generated across the electrodes;    -   a power source;    -   a transformer;    -   a switch, the electrodes being connected to the power source,        the transformer, and the switch so that when the switch is        activated an electrical arc is generated across the electrodes        producing an arc sound and/or vibration; and    -   a global positioning device and/or remote control connected to        the switch so that the switch can be activated by the global        positioning device and/or remote control.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of an exemplary animal training device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a bottom view of an exemplary animal training device.

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of an exemplary animal training device.

FIGS. 4A-4G illustrate views of the parts of an exemplary animaltraining device.

FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of an exemplary hollow chamber.

FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of an exemplary hollow chamber.

FIG. 7 illustrates a front view of a hollow chamber cover.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary circuit.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary hollow chamber.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary hollow chamber.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary hollow chamber.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary motion detector device.

FIG. 13 illustrates and exemplary leash.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary warning device worn by an animal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention will be described with reference to the attachednon-limiting Figs. Taser devices are now well known. The term taser isused in its broadest interpretation to include tasers and stun-guns,both of which use the same electronics to generate an electrical arcacross electrods. The animal training device 2 shown in FIGS. 1-7modifies known tasers so that they are no longer capable of inflictingdamage, i.e. cannot be used as a weapon and also, preferably enhances adeterrent arc sound and/or vibration, and also preferably focusses thearc sound and/or vibration in a desired direction. When the trigger 8 isactivated, the animal training device 2 generates the arc sound and/orvibrations by the electrical discharge between electrodes 4 and 6 in amanner that scares animals, especially dogs. However, the electrodes 4and 6 of the animal training device 2 are preferably permanently encasedor otherwise modified so that no harmful electricity can escape into anindividual or animal. The term “permanently encased” includes the use offasteners, glue, heat sealing, welding, or other means, that make itdifficult to expose the electrodes. An easily removed device cover isnot considered permanently encased, i.e. a conventional taser having aremovable cover designed to be used with the cover removed is notconsidered permanently encased. Permanently encased means not designedor intended to be opened by the user. The permanently encased electrodescannot be touched by a human or animal during use of device. Permanentlyencased can include the use of holes or openings to allow the arc soundand/or vibrations to exit the device. In FIG. 1, the electrodes 4 and 6of an exemplary device are internal to the device 2, so that the body ofthe device encases the electrodes 4 and 6. Conventional tasers haveexposed (non-encased) electrodes that are designed to inject electricityinto humans and animals. The electrodes 4 and 6 in the animal trainingdevice 2 described herein are preferably not designed to injectelectricity into a human or animal. While not preferred, the current andvoltage can be adjusted so that the output current is reduced to a levelthat does not cause pain, muscle contractions, or other harmful effectsto a human or animal so that the electrodes can be exposed in a mannerwhere the electrodes can be touched, i.e. not encased.

The external body of the device 2 is preferably constructed of anon-conducting material to avoid shocking a human user or animal. Anexample of a suitable non-conducting material is a non-conductingplastic, polymer, wood or plant product, glass, or composite. The outerbody comprises an external body top 3, an external body bottom 5, abattery compartment cover 7, and a front cover 9. Holes 11 in the frontcover 9 allow the arc sound and/or vibrations to leave the device 2during activation. A battery 22 can be stored within the batterycompartment.

A hollow chamber body 15 is disposed within the device 2. The electrodes4 and 6 can be disposed within the hollow chamber 23 inside the hollowchamber body 15. A hollow chamber body cover 17 can be mounted on thehollow chamber body 15 to seal the electrodes 4 and 6 within the hollowchamber 23. The hollow chamber body cover 17 can include holes 19 forallowing the arc sound and/or vibrations to exit the hollow chamber.Even with the hollow chamber body cover 17 removed, the electrodes 4 and6 can be recessed within the hollow chamber 23 so that they do notprotrude from the hollow chamber body 15. In this example, theelectrodes 4 and 6 are protected from the environment by the externalbody 3, 5 and 9 of the device 2 and also by the hollow chamber body 15.Thus, the electrodes are “permanently encased” twice in this example,once by the device body and secondly by the chamber body and chamberbody cover. The external body can also comprise the chamber body ifdesired so that they are not separate parts.

The exemplary animal training device 2 has a power switch (trigger) 8.The power switch 8, or a separate switch, can be used to control thepower of the electrical arc to increase or decrease the arc sound and/orvibrations (also referred to as taser sound) generated by the device 2.

Optional functions can be added, such as a flash light 14, flash lightswitch 12, wrist cord 16 and a connecter 18 for connecting the device toa battery charger 21 or other device. The arc sound and/or vibrationsshould be sufficiently loud for animals to detect at a desired distancefrom the user, such as at least 5 feet from the user, preferably atleast 10 feet from the user.

The power switch 8 can be present on the external body of the device 2.A flashlight activation switch 12 can also be present on the externalbody. The battery 22 can be charged using the battery charger 21connected to the connector 18. The connector 18 can be any desiredconnector, and can include connections for controlling the device 2. Anon-limiting example of a suitable connector 18 is a USB port. Theconnector can also be a wireless connection.

A typical taser includes a power source 22, such as a battery, connectedto a capacitor 30, transformer 32, switch 8, and electrodes 4 and 6.During operation, electricity arcs between the electrodes 4 and 6generating the arc sound and/or vibrations. An exemplary circuit isshown in FIG. 8 that is suitable for use in the present invention. Tasercircuitry is now well known and any suitable taser circuitry and powersupply can be utilized in the present invention to generate an arcbetween the electrodes. Chargers 21 are also well known and any suitablecharger can be utilized in the present invention.

The device 2 includes at least two electrodes 4 and 6 to generate thearc therebetween. More than two electrodes can be present. Since theelectrodes are not exposed and the animal training device 2 is notconstructed to deliver an electrical charge to an animal or human, theelectrodes can have a different shape than conventional taser devices.One or more of the electrodes can have another function in the device 2.Essentially, any suitable part of the device 2 can be constructed tofunction as an electrode by forming the part of a material suitable foruse as an electrode, such an electrical conductor. Electrical conductorsare well known and any electrical conductor can be used. Exemplaryelectrical conductors include metals, graphite, and conducting polymers.

The animal training device 2 preferably includes a hollow chamber 23defined by a chamber body 15. The hollow chamber 23 can be a resonatordevice and/or directional device to resonate an arc sound and/orvibration, and/or direct the arc sound and/or vibration in a desireddirection. The hollow chamber 23 can be open or closed as desired.Preferably, the chamber body encases the electrical arc within thehollow chamber 23 so that the electrical arc cannot leave the hollowchamber 23 and an animal cannot contact the electrical arc. The chamberbody 15 can have holes, such as holes 19 in the front cover 17, so thatthe arc sound and/or vibrations can exit the hollow chamber 23. Thechamber body 15 can formed of any desired material. Preferably, thechamber body 15 is formed from a plastic or composite material.

Since one or more of the electrodes can have another function in thedevice 2, one or more of the electrodes can comprise a part of thehollow chamber body 15. A first electrode can be inside the hollowchamber 23 and a part of the chamber body 15 can be a second electrode.As another example, two different parts of the chamber body 15 cancomprise the first and second electrodes. The chamber body parts to beused as an electrode can be formed of a material suitable for use as anelectrode, such an electrical conductor.

The exemplary resonator device 2 can comprise the hollow chamber 23having dimensions chosen to permit internal resonant oscillation ofelectromagnetic or acoustical waves of specific frequencies generated bythe arc that can be detected by animals. Preferably, the resonatordevice is a sound resonator. Resonator devices are now well known andany suitable resonator device can be modified for use in the presentanimal training device.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary resonator device 40 having two chamber bodyparts 42 and 44, which is a stable resonator. A first electrode 46 canbe present in the hollow chamber and one or more of the chamber bodyparts 42 and 44 can be the second electrode. The body parts 42 and 44can comprise the first and second electrodes, or additional electrodes.In this example, the arc can be generated between the electrode 46 andone of the body parts 42 and 44, or the arc can be generated between thebody parts 42 and 44. Alternatively, first and second electrodes 4 and 6can be present inside or near the hollow chamber so that the arc soundand/or vibration is resonated within the hollow chamber.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary resonator device 50 having two chamber bodyparts 48 and 52, which is an unstable resonator. A first electrode 46can be present in the hollow chamber and one or more of the chamber bodyparts 48 and 52 can be the second electrode. The chamber body parts 48and 52 can comprise the first and second electrodes, or additionalelectrodes. In this example, the arc can be generated between theelectrode 46 and one of the body parts 48 and 52, or the arc can begenerated between the body parts 48 and 52. Alternatively, first andsecond electrodes 4 and 6 can be present inside or near the hollowchamber so that the arc sound and/or vibration can be resonated withinthe hollow chamber.

The directional device can comprise the hollow chamber 23 beingconstructed to direct the arc sound and/or vibrations in a desireddirection, such as toward an animal. For example, the directional devicecan comprise the hollow chamber 23 with an opening facing the desireddirection so that the arc sound and/or vibrations can be projected inthe desired direction. Sound and vibrational direction devices are nowwell known and any suitable direction device can be modified for use inthe present animal training device. The hollow chamber 23 is preferablyconstructed to be both a resonator device and a directional device.

FIG. 11 illustrates and exemplary direction device 60 having a tube body64 defining a tube. The tube body 64 can be sealed at one end 66 andhave an opening 62 at the opposing end. The arc sound and/or vibrationscan be directed out of the tube body 64 through the opening 62 in thedirection shown by the arrows 70. A first electrode 46 can be present inthe hollow chamber and a tube body part 64 can be the second electrode.Different parts of the tube body 64 and/or end 66 can be constructed tocomprise the first and second electrodes, or additional electrodes. Inthis example, the arc can be generated between the electrode 46 and thetube body 64, or the arc can be generated between the different parts ofthe tube body 64 and/or tube end 66. Alternatively, first and secondelectrodes 4 and 6 can be present inside or near the hollow chamber sothat the arc sound and/or vibration is directed out the opening 62.

The exemplary direction device 60 shown in FIG. 11 can also be sized andconstructed to be a resonator in addition to being a directional device.The exemplary resonator devices shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 can beconstructed to also act as the directional device. For example, aresonating device, such as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, can be used inconjunction with a directing device, such as shown in FIG. 11, byincorporating the resonating device inside the directional device,having the resonating device in communication with the directionaldevice, or having the directional device inside the resonating device.

The animal training device 2 is preferably constructed so that whendamaged, such as by dropping or an animal biting the device 2, thedevice 2 will not issue a shock external to the device 2. For example,if a first electrode 46 is contained within the hollow chamber, with apart of the chamber body being the second electrode, when the hollowchamber is crushed by damage to the device 2, the chamber body can touchthe first electrode 46 shorting out the device and not allowing anelectrical charge to be generated.

The device 2 can have a safety mechanism built in. For example, theelectrical circuits determine when resistance between electrodeschanges, not allowing an electrical discharge to be generated. Asanother example, the device 2 can be constructed such as when one ormore electrodes are exposed to ambient air the device will not function.

I discovered the unexpected benefits of the taser sound as a deterantand dog training device. There had been a couple of dogs attacking smalldogs in my neighborhood so I decided to start carrying a taser in case Ineeded to protect my two small dogs. An incident occurred where the twodogs were attacking a small dog and just the sound of the taser stoppedthe dogs and the attack. I noticed that my two little dogs immediatelytook notice. I had been trying to train my rescued schnauzer for over ayear to not bark incessantly at other dogs and people on our walks. Mydog panicked and would lunge at people. Our walks were a nightmare. Ihad hired trainers at $150.00 a session, tried the gentle leader,shaking a jar of coins, a water bottle and treats. Nothing worked. Afterseeing the reaction to the taser sound I decided to try using the tasersound on our walks. I would say no barking and engage the taser sound.Within two weeks my dogs were completely trained. They no longer bark atother dogs or people and we can go on long walks. All if have to do issay no barking now and they behave perfectly. I have also used it whenpeople come to my home. We now have a completely different experiencewith visitors. The sound stops dogs in their tracks.

I had an incident where a large dog got out of his home unleashed andwould not stop when his owner called him. As the dog charged me, I saidno barking to my dogs and the dogs stopped barking. I engaged the taserand the charging dog stopped, sat and waited for its owner.

The taser sound without the shocking device is a cutting edge solutionand there is nothing like it known. The taser with the shocking portionis potentially dangerous to both dogs and to people and is considered aweapon. Government employees cannot carry a weapon. Additionallychildren cannot use a taser. The animal dog training device describedherein is not a weapon.

I have tested simulated taser sounds on iphone apps and android phoneapps, which I have found to have no effect on dogs. I have also tested arecorded taser sound which has no effect on dogs. The only sound thathad an effect on dogs was the sound of the actual electrical dischargebetween the electrodes. Merely putting a removable cover on known tasersis not a solution, since the cover can merely be removed. The non-weapondog training device described herein encases the electrodes. Theelectrodes can be constructed such that the device is not a weapon.Furthermore, the preferred device includes a hollow chamber not used onconventional tasers.

I have spoken to many people who have tried everything to modify theirpets behavior to no avail. They do not want to use shock colors as theyfeel this is too severe, treats often do not work when your pet is underduress when walking, and many times they do not have the budget for adog trainer. This device will serve many purposes in safe humane dogtraining and protection.

As shown in FIG. 12, the invention can further comprise a motiondetector 100 in communication with the device 2. Motion detectors 100are now well known and any suitable motion detector can be used in thepresent invention. The device 2 can be connected to a motion detector100 using a connector 21 (such as a USB port) or wirelessly using andesired wireless connection such as Bluetooth or Wifi, or the device 2can include a motion detector 100. The motion detector can be used toactivate the device. For example, when an animal 102 gets too close tothe device 2 the device 2 is activated by the motion detector 100generating the arc sound and/or vibrations, which prevents the animal102 from approaching the location of the device 2. In this manner, thedevice 2 can be used to prevent animals 102 from entering or leaving adesired area, such a room in a home or a yard. The motion detector 100and device 2 can be constructed to both operate from a battery so thatthey are easily portable to prevent an animal from approaching thedesired location of the device 2. The device 2 and motion detector 100can also be utilized to contain an animal 102 in a desired location byusing a plurality of the devices 2 and motion detectors 100 to surroundthe desired location. The motion detector 100 can include a cameraconnected to the internet so the area can be monitored remotely by asmartphone connected to the internet. Examples of motion detectorsystems that can be modified for use in the present invention byconnecting the device 2 described herein are disclosed in published U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 20060219187 and 20070095287, and U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,479,329; 5,048,463; 5,992,096; 5,243,327; and 6,615,770, thecomplete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Without being bound by any theory, I believe the device works becausethe arc generated is similar to lightning and thunder, which is scary toanimals. I believe the animals can hear the arc sound and also detectthe vibrations made by the arc. The animals may also be able to detectelectromagnetism and/or electricity generated by the arc. Furthermore,the animals may be able to detect charged particles produced by the arc.The device is better than conventional tasers because a preferredversion of the present device can resonate the sound and/or vibrations,and a preferred version of the device can direct the sound and/orvibrations in a desired direction.

The device can be used in a retractable animal leash 200 embodiment asshown in FIG. 13. The retractable animal leash 200 includes a housing210, a retractable cord 220 may be coiled to and uncoiled from thehousing 210, a coiling device 230 biasing the retractable cord in acoiled position within the housing 210, and an arc sound and/orvibration generating warning device 250. The coiling device 230 caninclude a spring or motor. A first end of the cord 220 is connected tocoiling device 230 and a second end of the cord is connected to aconnector 232 for connecting the cord to a collar or harness 234. Whenthe animal pulls too hard on the cord 220 or reaches the end of theretractable cord 220 a pressure sensing device 240 in communication withthe cord 220 can activate the switch 8 to activate the device 250 togenerate the arc sound and/or vibrations. The pressure sensing device240 can preferably be adjusted 242 by the user to different levels ofpressure for different size dogs or turned off. The animal can be anydesired animal that can be walked on a leash including but not limitedto dogs, cats, pigs and horses. The warning device 250 is the same asthe device 2 described herein above, however, the external body of thedevice 2 is shaped to either be attached to the housing 210 or thehousing 210 forms the external body, and the switch 8 can be connectedto the pressure sensing device 240.

Devices for training and containing dogs using shocking (taser) trainingdevices that are mounted on a collar or harness worn by an animal, suchas a dog, are now well known. Such devices can include GPS for settingboundaries and/or locating the animal, and a remote control forcontrolling the device. The device also can include a speaker orvibration device for use as a pre-warning. Such devices are commonlyused to train hunting dogs and/or for setting boundaries for a dog.However, the device can be used for other animals, such as cats, horses,and livestock. These conventional training devices can be modified toreplace the shocking taser device with the non-shocking device 2according to the present invention. A particularly preferred system thatcan be modified is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,146 (Kobitz). As shownin FIG. 14, the warning device 400 can be sized to be mounted on acollar or harness 402 of an animal, preferably a dog. The body 404replaces the external body of the device 2 described herein and includesthe same internal parts as the device 2. The body 404 includes a mount406 for connecting the device 400 to the collar or harness 402. Thedevice 400 can be connected to or include a GPS device 410 thatactivates the switch 8 of the device 400 when the device 400 is inselected GPS coordinates. The device 400 can be connected to or includea remote control 420 that can be remotely operated by a remote device422. The remote device 422 can be a remote held by a human or can be acomputer. The remote device 422 can be used to operate the switch 8,convey or identify commands such as “stay”“come”, “sit”, “retrieve” and“flush” to the device 400 and/or to set GPS coordinates for the device400.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all suchchanges and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

1. An animal leash comprising: a housing; a cord, wherein a first end ofthe cord being connected to the housing; a connector constructed toconnect the cord to an animal collar or harness, the connector beingconnected to a second end of the cord; and an arc sound and/or vibrationgenerating warning device connected to the housing or contained withinthe housing, the warning device comprising; a device body; a pluralityof electrodes disposed within the device body, the electrodes beingpermanently encased so that no harmful electricity can be imparted intoa human or animal from an arc generated across the electrodes; a powersource; a transformer; and a switch, the electrodes being connected tothe power source, the transformer, and the switch so that when theswitch is activated an electrical arc is generated across the electrodesproducing an arc sound and/or vibration.
 2. The leash according to claim1, further comprising a pressure sensor connected to the cord and theswitch so that when a set pressure is applied to the cord by an animalconnected to the leash the switch is activated by the pressure sensorturning on the warning device.
 3. The leash according to claim 1,further comprising a pressure sensor connected to the cord and theswitch so that when an end of the cord is reached by an animal connectedto the leash the switch is activated by the pressure sensor turning onthe warning device.
 4. The leash according to claim 2, wherein thepressure sensor is adjustable.
 5. The leash according to claim 3,wherein the pressure sensor is adjustable.
 6. The leash according toclaim 1, further comprising a hollow chamber defined by a chamber body,at least one of the electrodes disposed within the hollow chamber orcomprising a part of the chamber body.
 7. The leash according to claim6, wherein the device body also comprising the chamber body.
 8. Theleash according to claim 6, wherein the chamber body being constructedto resonate the arc sound and/or vibration within the hollow chamber. 9.The leash according to claim 6, wherein the chamber body is constructedso that the hollow chamber directs the arc sound and/or vibration in adesired direction.
 10. The leash according to claim 6, wherein theplurality of electrodes comprises a pair of electrodes disposed withinthe hollow chamber.
 11. The leash according to claim 6, wherein a firstelectrode being disposed within the hollow chamber and the chamber bodycomprising a second electrode such that during use the arc is generatedbetween the first and second electrodes, and the plurality of electrodescomprising the first and second electrodes.
 12. The leash according toclaim 6, wherein a first part of the chamber body comprising a firstelectrode and a second part of the chamber body comprising a secondelectrode such that during use the arc is generated between the firstand second electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes comprising thefirst and second electrodes.
 13. The leash according to claim 6, whereinthe chamber body is constructed to resonate an arc sound and/orvibration in the hollow chamber that can be detected by dogs.
 14. Theleash according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises the devicebody.
 15. The leash according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprisesa handle constructed to be held by a human hand.
 16. A method oftraining an animal comprising: connecting an animal to the cord of claim1; and generating an arc sound and/or vibration using the warningdevice.
 17. A method of training an animal comprising: connecting ananimal to the cord of claim 2; and the animal pulling on the cord sothat the pressure sensor activates the switch generating an arc soundand/or vibration using the device.
 18. A method of training an animalcomprising: connecting an animal to the cord of claim 2; and the animalpulling on the cord so that when an and of cord is reached the pressuresensor activates the switch generating an arc sound and/or vibrationusing the device.
 19. An animal training device comprising: a devicebody; a plurality of electrodes disposed within the device body, theelectrodes being permanently encased so that no harmful electricity canbe imparted into a human or animal from an arc generated across theelectrodes; a power source; a transformer; a switch, the electrodesbeing connected to the power source, the transformer, and the switch sothat when the switch is activated an electrical arc is generated acrossthe electrodes producing an arc sound and/or vibration; and a globalpositioning device and/or remote control connected to the switch so thatthe switch can be activated by the global positioning device and/orremote control.
 20. The device according to claim 19, further comprisinga connector connected to the device body for connecting the device to acollar or harness constructed to be worn by an animal.
 21. The deviceaccording to claim 19, wherein the device body is integrated with acollar or harness constructed to be worn by an animal.
 22. The deviceaccording to claim 19, comprising the global positioning device and theglobal positioning device being programmable so that when desiredpositions are reached by the global positioning device the globalpositioning device activates the switch.
 23. The device according toclaim 19, comprising the remote control.
 24. The device according toclaim 19, further comprising a hollow chamber defined by a chamber body,at least one of the electrodes disposed within the hollow chamber orcomprising a part of the chamber body.
 25. The device according to claim24, wherein the device body also comprising the chamber body.
 26. Thedevice according to claim 24, wherein the chamber body being constructedto resonate the arc sound and/or vibration within the hollow chamber.27. The device according to claim 24, wherein the chamber body isconstructed so that the hollow chamber directs the arc sound and/orvibration in a desired direction.
 28. The device according to claim 24,wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises a pair of electrodesdisposed within the hollow chamber.
 29. The device according to claim24, wherein a first electrode being disposed within the hollow chamberand the chamber body comprising a second electrode such that during usethe arc is generated between the first and second electrodes, and theplurality of electrodes comprising the first and second electrodes. 30.The device according to claim 24, wherein a first part of the chamberbody comprising a first electrode and a second part of the chamber bodycomprising a second electrode such that during use the arc is generatedbetween the first and second electrodes, and the plurality of electrodescomprising the first and second electrodes.
 31. The device according toclaim 24, wherein the chamber body is constructed to resonate an arcsound and/or vibration in the hollow chamber that can be detected bydogs.